ABSTRACT
The importance of studying microbial load on fabrics has been recently realized with reports on fabrics being a source ofspread of infection in medical and hospitality sectors. However, methodological limitations have restricted the analysis ofmicrobial diversity on fabrics. Hence, the study aimed to develop a robust method for extraction of DNA from differenttypes of fabrics. Bacterial community profiles could be successfully generated with DNA extracted from real life samples,together with identification of different bacterial genera on fabrics. The study opens up venues to study effect of environmental factors on microbial load on fabrics. Also, such a technique will aid correlation between microbial load and typesof fabric so as to come up with recommendation for fabrics bearing minimal microbial load for medical and hospitalitysectors.
ABSTRACT
Intrathecal clonidine prolongs spinal anesthesia but the optimum dose to be used in cesarean delivery is not yet known. We evaluated the effect of addition of intrathecal clonidine to hyperbaric bupivacaine on postoperative pain after lower segment caesarean section. A total of 105 parturients carrying a singleton fetus at term, scheduled to undergo elective LSCS under spinal anesthesia were randomized in a double blind fashion to one of the three groups. Group BF [n=35] received 2 ml of 0.5% hyperbaric bupivacaine + 25 microg fentanyl, Group BC[50] [n=35] received 2 ml of 0.5% hyperbaric bupivacaine + 50 microg clonidine, Group BC[75] [n=35] received 2 ml of 0.5% hyperbaric bupivacaine + 75 microg clonidine. The duration of postoperative analgesia was 184.73 +/- 68.64 min in group BF, 360.71 +/- 86.51 min in group BC[50] and 760.50 +/- 284.03 min in group BC[75], P0<0.001. The incidence of hypotension was comparable, P =0.932, whereas the incidence of nausea and pruritis was significantly lower in groups BC[50] and BC[75] as compared to group BF, P <0.001. No other side effects of intrathecal clonidine were detected. Neonatal outcome was similar in all the three groups. Addition of 75 microg clonidine to hyperbaric bupivacaine in spinal anesthesia for LSCS significantly prolongs the duration of postoperative analgesia without any increase in maternal side effects. There was no difference in neonatal outcome